React源码解读(一)

前言

这两周面试了几个人，虽然是一面，问的不深，但是给我的感觉都是对React了解的比较浅，稍微往深一点问基本都是回答得很宽泛，答不到点子上，虽然有引导他们去思考但是由于react的理解很片面所以基本也答不出来，因此就来写个我对于react的源码的解读，我将从项目结构入手分析React源码。

ReactDOM.render() (github上ReactDOM.js 672行)

一个React项目的最外层就是一个指定的DOM节点，通过render函数将我们需要渲染的组件插入到指定DOM节点中来实现视图，来看看render到底做了什么。
源码如下：

render(
    element: React$Element<any>,
    container: DOMContainer,
    callback: ?Function,
) {
    return legacyRenderSubtreeIntoContainer(    //legacyRenderSubtreeIntoContainer 遗留渲染子树到容器（这名字我只能这么白话翻译了，读不懂）
        null,
        element,
        container,
        false,
        callback,
    );
},

function legacyRenderSubtreeIntoContainer(
    parentComponent: ?React$Component<any, any>,    //父组件
    children: ReactNodeList,                        //子组件，ReactElement
    container: DOMContainer,                        //DOM容器
    forceHydrate: boolean,                          //强制注水(用于ssr，寓意使干巴巴的数据变成水灵灵的HTML)
    callback: ?Function,                            //回调
) {
  // TODO: Without `any` type, Flow says "Property cannot be accessed on any
  // member of intersection type." Whyyyyyy.
  let root: Root = (container._reactRootContainer: any);
  if (!root) {          //不存在container._reactRootContainer时，及第一次渲染
    // Initial mount            //初始化React根节点（虚拟DOM）
    root = container._reactRootContainer = legacyCreateRootFromDOMContainer(    //其实是个ReactRoot对象
      container,
      forceHydrate,
    );
    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
      const originalCallback = callback;
      callback = function() {
        const instance = getPublicRootInstance(root._internalRoot);
        originalCallback.call(instance);
      };
    }
    // Initial mount should not be batched.
    unbatchedUpdates(() => {
      if (parentComponent != null) {
        root.legacy_renderSubtreeIntoContainer(
          parentComponent,
          children,
          callback,
        );
      } else {
        root.render(children, callback);    //root对象会去走这个render方法
      }
    });
  } else {
    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
      const originalCallback = callback;
      callback = function() {
        const instance = getPublicRootInstance(root._internalRoot);
        originalCallback.call(instance);
      };
    }
    // Update
    if (parentComponent != null) {
      root.legacy_renderSubtreeIntoContainer(
        parentComponent,
        children,
        callback,
      );
    } else {
      root.render(children, callback);
    }
  }
  return getPublicRootInstance(root._internalRoot);
}

由于render方法在React生命周期各个时期中有着不同的作用，因此render中分了首次挂载和更新两种情况。

首次挂载时，通过legacyCreateRootFromDOMContainer生成了一个root对象，并将这个root对象赋给了DOM容器,下面来看看legacyCreateRootFromDOMContainer。

function legacyCreateRootFromDOMContainer(
  container: DOMContainer,
  forceHydrate: boolean,
): Root {
  const shouldHydrate =
    forceHydrate || shouldHydrateDueToLegacyHeuristic(container);
  // First clear any existing content.
  if (!shouldHydrate) {
    let warned = false;
    let rootSibling;
    while ((rootSibling = container.lastChild)) {
      container.removeChild(rootSibling);
    }
  }
  // Legacy roots are not async by default.
  const isConcurrent = false;
  return new ReactRoot(container, isConcurrent, shouldHydrate);
}

可以看出来它干了两件事情，一个是当不应该注水的时候清空了container的子节点（应该就是非ssr的情况下），还有一件事情就是返回了一个新的ReactRoot对象。问题又来了这个ReactRoot又是个什么东西。

function ReactRoot(
  container: DOMContainer,
  isConcurrent: boolean,
  hydrate: boolean,
) {
  const root = createContainer(container, isConcurrent, hydrate);
  this._internalRoot = root;
}

ReactRoot.prototype.render = function(      //渲染
  children: ReactNodeList,
  callback: ?() => mixed,
): Work {
  const root = this._internalRoot;
  const work = new ReactWork();
  callback = callback === undefined ? null : callback;
  if (callback !== null) {
    work.then(callback);
  }
  updateContainer(children, root, null, work._onCommit);    //最终会执行updateContainer方法并返回一个ReactWork对象
  return work;
};

ReactRoot.prototype.legacy_renderSubtreeIntoContainer = function(           
  parentComponent: ?React$Component<any, any>,
  children: ReactNodeList,
  callback: ?() => mixed,
): Work {
  const root = this._internalRoot;
  const work = new ReactWork();
  callback = callback === undefined ? null : callback;
  if (callback !== null) {
    work.then(callback);
  }
  updateContainer(children, root, parentComponent, work._onCommit);
  return work;
};

...

从上面可以看出来这个ReactRoot是个构造函数，它有render等方法，上述的root则会去执行render方法并返回一个ReactWork对象，那接下来就是这个updateContainer到底干了些什么了。通过上面的层层扒皮，无论怎样判断，最终都会到render方法和legacy_renderSubtreeIntoContainer方法中，而这两个方法的核心就是updateContainer，无非就是传不传父组件而已。

export function updateContainer(
  element: ReactNodeList,
  container: OpaqueRoot,
  parentComponent: ?React$Component<any, any>,
  callback: ?Function,
): ExpirationTime {
  const current = container.current;
  const currentTime = requestCurrentTime();
  const expirationTime = computeExpirationForFiber(currentTime, current);
  return updateContainerAtExpirationTime(
    element,
    container,
    parentComponent,
    expirationTime,
    callback,
  );
}
export function updateContainerAtExpirationTime(
  element: ReactNodeList,
  container: OpaqueRoot,
  parentComponent: ?React$Component<any, any>,
  expirationTime: ExpirationTime,
  callback: ?Function,
) {
  // TODO: If this is a nested container, this won't be the root.
  const current = container.current;

  const context = getContextForSubtree(parentComponent);
  if (container.context === null) {
    container.context = context;
  } else {
    container.pendingContext = context;
  }

  return scheduleRootUpdate(current, element, expirationTime, callback);    //根更新计划表
}

function scheduleRootUpdate(
  current: Fiber,
  element: ReactNodeList,
  expirationTime: ExpirationTime,
  callback: ?Function,
) {

  const update = createUpdate(expirationTime);
  // Caution: React DevTools currently depends on this property
  // being called "element".
  update.payload = {element};

  callback = callback === undefined ? null : callback;
  if (callback !== null) {
    update.callback = callback;
  }

  flushPassiveEffects();
  enqueueUpdate(current, update);
  scheduleWork(current, expirationTime);

  return expirationTime;
}

updateContainer传入的参数有虚拟dom对象树、之前造出来的root中和fiber相关的_internalRoot、父组件、回调函数。